{"id":829,"date":"2021-09-12T18:25:04","date_gmt":"2021-09-12T16:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/?p=829"},"modified":"2021-09-12T18:25:05","modified_gmt":"2021-09-12T16:25:05","slug":"co-potrebujete-vedet-o-zakladech-domu-aby-skutecne-plnily-svou-funkci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/?p=829","title":{"rendered":"Co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o z\u00e1kladech domu, aby skute\u010dn\u011b plnily svou funkci?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z\u00e1klady jsou jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stavby. Proto by jim m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u011bnov\u00e1na i pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pozornost. N\u00e1vrh t\u00e9to stavebn\u00ed konstrukce ur\u010dit\u011b sv\u011b\u0159te do rukou odborn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O zp\u016fsobu zalo\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011bru p\u0159esn\u00e9ho typu z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 konstrukce m\u016f\u017eete s odborn\u00edkem diskutovat, pokud v\u0161ak chcete, aby plnily svou funkci, kterou je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159enos zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed od konstrukce stavby do z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u016fdy, pak jeho doporu\u010den\u00edm naslouchejte velmi pozorn\u011b. Krom\u011b statick\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je t\u0159eba p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu zohlednit i z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 pom\u011bry. Tedy jak\u00e9 jsou vlastnosti z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u016fdy, jak\u00e1 je stabilita \u00fazem\u00ed, kde se bude stavba zakl\u00e1dat, jak\u00e1 je geologie podlo\u017e\u00ed, \u00farove\u0148 hladiny podzemn\u00ed vody v dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm pozemku, v\u00fdskyt zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podlo\u017e\u00ed agresivn\u00edmi chemik\u00e1liemi nebo radioaktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e jsou pro \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska vypracovan\u00e9 tak in\u017een\u00fdrskogeologick\u00e9 mapy i mapy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed radioaktivity, na kter\u00fdch lze zjistit nap\u0159. v\u00fdskyt radonov\u00e9ho rizika \u010di uranu, nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 realizovat tento pr\u016fzkum znovu, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke slo\u017eitosti z\u00e1kladov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm pozemku. Tyto mapy jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 nap\u0159. na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch. O konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch by v\u00e1m m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt podat informace i pracovn\u00edci stavebn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu dan\u00e9 obce, na jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed pozemek le\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na tyto pom\u011bry doporu\u010dujeme p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eet ji\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru pozemku, t\u00edm se vyhnete p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm necht\u011bn\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm, resp. zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f do z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 konstrukce. Proto\u017ee je rozd\u00edl, zda budete moci stavbu zalo\u017eit na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1kladov\u00fdch p\u00e1sech nebo z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 desce, nebo bude nutn\u00e9 realizovat nap\u0159\u00edklad hloubkov\u00e9 zalo\u017een\u00ed v podob\u011b pilot. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, net\u0159eba zapom\u00ednat ani na dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v podob\u011b protiradonov\u00e9 ochrany nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu vysok\u00e9 hladiny podzemn\u00ed vody. Do ceny za z\u00e1kladovou konstrukci z\u00e1rove\u0148 vstupuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bn\u00e1klady na hlouben\u00ed v\u00fdkop\u016f. Zde se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 k \u0159e\u010di druh zeminy. Nen\u00ed toti\u017e jedno, jestli budete hloubit z\u00e1klady v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch snadno rozpojiteln\u00e1 zemin\u00e1ch nebo v j\u00edlovit\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, \u010di dokonce ve skalnat\u00e9m podlo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0158E\u010cT\u011aTE SI TAK\u00c9
Jak chr\u00e1nit spodn\u00ed stavbu proti vod\u011b?
Jak chr\u00e1nit spodn\u00ed stavbu proti vod\u011b?
Jak\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou vhodn\u00e9 na ochranu stavby proti radonu?
Jak\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou vhodn\u00e9 na ochranu stavby proti radonu?
Vhodn\u00fdmi pozemky na v\u00fdstavbu jsou z tohoto hlediska pak stavebn\u00ed parcely se z\u00e1kladovou p\u016fdou, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed snadno rozpojiteln\u00e1 \u00fanosn\u00e1 zemina s malou stla\u010ditelnost\u00ed. Hladina podzemn\u00ed vody by m\u011bla b\u00fdt trvale pod \u00farovn\u00ed z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 sp\u00e1ry, co\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i hlouben\u00ed v\u00fdkop\u016f nebude do stavebn\u00ed j\u00e1my p\u0159it\u00e9kat voda a po zhotoven\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f nebude z\u00e1kladov\u00e1 konstrukce vystavena nap\u0159. tlakov\u00e9 vod\u011b, ale jen b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zemn\u00ed vlhkosti. V\u00fdhodou je vodorovn\u00fd povrch, kter\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sesuvu p\u016fdy, jako je tomu u sva\u017eit\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch, a fakt, \u017ee se pozemek nenach\u00e1z\u00ed v chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po zhodnocen\u00ed v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu n\u00e1vrh konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho typu z\u00e1klad\u016f. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem z\u00e1klad\u016f pod rodinn\u00fd d\u016fm jsou z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny plo\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f. Do t\u00e9to skupiny z\u00e1klad\u016f d\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 ro\u0161ty, z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 patky, z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 desky \u010di krabicov\u00e9 z\u00e1klady. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinou z\u00e1klad\u016f jsou hloubkov\u00e9 z\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stavby do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hloubek. Jde o piloty, mikropiloty, podzemn\u00ed st\u011bny, studny \u010di kesony. V sou\u010dasnosti dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prostor i progresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody zalo\u017een\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 pro nepodsklepen\u00e9 budovy, kter\u00e9 jsou orientov\u00e1ny na minimalizaci objemu zemn\u00edch prac\u00ed a spot\u0159eby stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, nap\u0159. zalo\u017een\u00ed na tenk\u00e9 \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 desce \u010di zemn\u00edch \u0161roubech (tzv. vruty).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy
Do z\u00e1klad\u016f nezapome\u0148te osadit chr\u00e1ni\u010dky na elektrick\u00e9 veden\u00ed, kanaliza\u010dn\u00ed a vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed \u010di hromosvod. | Zdroj: www.mmzaklady.sk<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny plo\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed do z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u016fdy pomoc\u00ed plochy. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby vrstva dostate\u010dn\u011b \u00fanosn\u00e9 zeminy byla dostupn\u00e1 co nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ide\u00e1ln\u011b t\u011bsn\u011b pod povrchem ter\u00e9nu. Z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 p\u00e1sy se nej\u010dast\u011bji zhotovuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na stavb\u011b jako monolitick\u00e1 konstrukce z betonu, nebo se mohou pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 p\u0159edem zhotoven\u00e9 d\u00edlce. Jejich n\u00e1vrh je nezbytn\u00fd pod obvodov\u00e9 a nosn\u00e9 st\u011bny, jako\u017e i nenosn\u00e9 st\u011bny – p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky. Stejn\u011b tak i pod kom\u00edn, krb nebo schodi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka z\u00e1kladov\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160\u00ed\u0159ku z\u00e1kladov\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f ur\u010duje statick\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det v z\u00e1vislosti na \u00fanosnosti podlo\u017e\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou je v\u0161ak v\u00fdchoz\u00edm \u00fadajem tlou\u0161\u0165ka zdiva, ke kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edtat 100 a\u017e 150 mm na ka\u017edou stranu. P\u0159i tlou\u0161\u0165ce zdiva nap\u0159. 440 mm, by tak m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka z\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho p\u00e1su min. 540 mm. U zd\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch je t\u0159eba navrhnout z\u00e1kladov\u00fd p\u00e1s, pokud je jejich tlou\u0161\u0165ka 150 mm a v\u00fd\u0161ka 3 m (co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 0,05 a\u017e 0,06 MPa). Leh\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky mohou b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bny p\u0159\u00edmo na podkladn\u00edm betonu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Z\u00e1klady jsou jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stavby. Proto by jim m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u011bnov\u00e1na i pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pozornost. N\u00e1vrh t\u00e9to stavebn\u00ed konstrukce ur\u010dit\u011b sv\u011b\u0159te do rukou odborn\u00edka. O zp\u016fsobu zalo\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011bru p\u0159esn\u00e9ho typu z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 konstrukce m\u016f\u017eete s odborn\u00edkem diskutovat, pokud v\u0161ak chcete, aby plnily svou funkci, kterou je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159enos zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed od konstrukce stavby […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-tipy"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/829\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denikbydleni.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}